Gallbladder cancer
Common Diseases
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Gallbladder cancer diagnosis
Bile duct tumors are often found for health reasons unrelated to CT scans or ultrasound. They can also be found in routine gallbladder surgery. Due to the possibility of asymptomatic early cholangiocarcinoma, only a few cases are diagnosed before spreading to other parts of the body.
The tools for diagnosing biliary tract cancer may include:
Blood test: There is no blood test that can accurately diagnose cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder cancer. However, your doctor may test for elevated levels of bilirubin or other substances in your blood. These can help doctors understand the function of your liver and gallbladder. A blood test can also provide clues to your symptoms and rule out other possible causes, such as infection.
Your doctor may also test for tumor markers in your blood. Specific proteins that may be overproduced by cancerous bile duct cells include carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, the high levels of these markers do not necessarily imply cancer. They may be a sign of another situation, such as bile duct obstruction.
Biopsy: Surgery involves removing a small tissue sample and examining it under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. There are several methods for performing bile duct biopsy. This includes:
Fine needle aspiration of cells: A very small needle is inserted into the tumor and aspirated. CT (computed tomography) scanning can be used to assist in guiding the puncture needle. After training, doctors will read these types of live tissue slices and then examine a small amount of cells extracted into the needle.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): ECRP uses a thin tube equipped with a camera to observe the interior of the bile duct. Your doctor will pass through your mouth, through your digestive tract, and reach the bile duct. A dye can also be injected into the bile duct to make it easier to see in medical imaging examinations such as X-rays. The ERCP program can also be used for biopsy tissue.
Imaging examination: Your doctor may use imaging examination to examine any abnormalities and determine whether the cancer has spread and how far it has spread. The testing includes:
CT or CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) scanning method: X-rays take photos from different angles. This provides a very detailed image of your body.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Magnetic fields and radio waves create detailed images of your organs.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): This surgery is a non-invasive alternative to ERCP. It can create 3D images of bile ducts without using dyes.
Abdominal ultrasound examination: A special instrument that reflects high-energy sound waves from your internal organs. The resulting echo pattern creates an image on the screen. Ultrasound can be used to determine whether your cancer has spread to surrounding tissues.