Central nervous system tumors

There are five common symptoms of pituitary tumors:

1. Optic nerve compression. Because the tumor grows in the sella, the upward development will compress the optic chiasma or optic nerve and cause changes in vision and visual field, more than 90% of patients have vision loss, can also be monocular vision loss, and even cause blindness in one eye or both eyes.

2. Endocrine and metabolic disorders. Typical symptoms of a pituitary tumor. The endocrine function of the pituitary gland is very complex, mainly under the domination of the central nervous system, through the endocrine control of human growth, development, material metabolism and the regulation of physiological activities such as sexual organs and sexual functions. The tumor may involve the hypothalamus upward and the posterior pituitary backward. The posterior pituitary gland contains antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, so the posterior pituitary gland can be involved in diabetes insipidus.

3. Hypopituitarism. The degree of hypopituitarism is related to the degree of pressure on normal pituitary gland cells. Due to the low function of the anterior pituitary gland, the endocrine glands controlled by it atrophy, showing a variety of dysfunction:

① Low sexual function and change of secondary sexual characteristics;

② Hypothyroidism;

③ hypofunction of adrenal cortex.

4. Hyperpituitarism. Eosinophils produce growth hormone and prolactin. Basophils produce thyrotropin, adrenotropin and gonadotropin. Therefore, such tumors can cause hyperpituitarism, especially in the early stages. Although eosinophilic adenoma may have excessive secretion of growth hormone, it can also crush basophilic cells, resulting in poor function.

5. The posterior pituitary and hypothalamus are involved. Tumors affecting the posterior pituitary or hypothalamus can produce salivation, polydipsia, polyuria, hypothermia, and water, electrolyte and fat metabolism disorders.