Childhood tumor

The clinical manifestations of intracranial germ cell tumors are closely related to the patient's age, location and size of the tumor, and whether it is accompanied by implantation metastasis: 1. NGGCT in the suprasellar region is rare and mostly GE. There are reports that women under the age of 10 are more common, men over the age of 20 are more common, and there is no gender difference between the ages of 10 and 20. The main manifestations are: ① varying degrees of diabetes insipidus, all of which are the first symptoms: 24-hour urine volume 3000-7200ml, urine specific gravity 1.008-1.010. ② Visual and visual impairments. ③ Endocrine disorders, decreased anterior pituitary function, insufficient growth hormone, significantly delayed growth and development compared to children of the same age, impaired or degraded sexual development, and rare precocious puberty Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure are not obvious or delayed. 2. NGGCT is rare in the basal ganglia region, where almost all GE cases are male and often manifest as progressive hemiplegia, starting with the upper or lower limbs. The progression of tumors is relatively slow, often lasting for more than one year. Symptoms of intracranial hypertension such as headache and vomiting only appear in the late stage of this disease. 3. The pineal region is the best site for NGGCT, and the incidence rate is significantly higher than that of suprasellar region. Germ cell tumors in this area are more common in males. If male children suffer from chorionic epithelial carcinoma and germ cell tumor, precocious puberty can occur because the syncytiotrophoblast cells in the tumor can secrete into the cerebrospinal fluid β- The effect of HCG on the production of luteinized hormones. Due to the adjacent midbrain aqueduct and compression leading to obstructive hydrocephalus, GCT in this area early causes symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Almost all patients present with typical symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus at the time of treatment: headache, vomiting, drowsiness, memory impairment, and infants also have abnormal head circumference and seizures. Some patients may develop Parinaud syndrome: bilateral upward movement paralysis, but not accompanied by convergence movement paralysis. Patients with larger tumors may also exhibit signs of cerebellar compression such as tinnitus, hearing impairment, unstable gait, ataxia, and horizontal nystagmus. Individual consciousness disorders may occur due to tumor stroke. Implant metastasis: If detached tumor cells spread along the cerebrospinal fluid, they can also affect the nerve roots and/or spinal cord, leading to corresponding clinical symptoms and signs.