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neuroblastoma diagnosis
The final diagnosis depends on postoperative pathology, but at the same time, comprehensive consideration should be given to the patient's clinical manifestations and other auxiliary examination results.
Biochemical examination
Nearly 90% of patients with neuroblastoma have significantly higher concentrations of catecholamines and their metabolites (dopamine, homovanillic acid, and vanillin mandelic acid) in their blood or urine compared to the normal population.
Imaging examination
Another method for detecting neuroblastoma is metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scanning. The molecular mechanism of this examination is that meta substituted benzylguanidine is a functional analogue of norepinephrine (analog) and can be ingested by sympathetic neurons. After being coupled with radioactive substances such as iodine-131 or iodine-123, it can be used as a radioactive drug for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of neuroblastoma. Iodine-123 has a half-life of 13 hours and is often used as the preferred method for detection; The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days, and when used in large doses, it can be used as a treatment for recurrent and refractory neuroblastoma.
Immunohistochemical examination
Under the microscope, neuroblastoma appears as small round blue stained cells arranged in a chrysanthemum shape. The tumor cells are arranged in a chrysanthemum shape around the neuropil, which is different from other tumors (such as optic neuroblastoma) that are arranged in a chrysanthemum shape around blood vessels. Other neuroblastomas also have specific immunohistochemical staining for differential diagnosis with other tumors such as Ewing's sarcoma and lymphoma.
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