Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
Common Diseases
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children diagnosis
The diagnosis of leukemia usually starts with a simple blood test called whole blood cell count. Doctors may request this blood test after evaluating the patient's symptoms. At other times, testing is part of routine inspections. If the examination results show abnormal levels of leukemia cells or red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, the doctor may request the following tests. These tests can provide a clear diagnosis of leukemia and determine the severity of the disease. Examinations are also used to monitor the progression of the disease and track its response to treatment. Biopsy: During a biopsy, the nursing team will remove suspicious cancer cells and conduct research under a microscope. Leukemia patients undergo bone marrow transplant biopsy. This requires a needle to extract bone marrow samples from the hip to determine the presence of cancer cells. Genetic and molecular testing: If a patient is diagnosed with leukemia, additional testing can determine whether there are certain chromosomal or genetic mutations in the affected cells, or whether there are specific proteins or molecules on their surfaces. This process, sometimes referred to as molecular analysis, can help doctors determine the exact type of leukemia and his or her prognosis of the patient. Cancer with different genetic and molecular characteristics also responds differently to treatment, so these tests can also help doctors develop a treatment plan with the greatest chance of success. Lumbar puncture surgery: When leukemia begins in the bone marrow, it may spread to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). This is the most common acute lymphocytic leukemia, but it can occur in any type of leukemia. Lumbar puncture, also known as spinal puncture, can detect this spread by examining the patient's spinal fluid. During this process, healthcare professionals use needles to remove cerebrospinal fluid from the spine. Nursing providers can also inject small doses of chemotherapy into spinal fluid to kill potential leukemia cells. Imaging examination: Doctors may request imaging examinations to examine the presence of cancer in different parts of the body. Detailed understanding of imaging examinations. Many cancers in children at high risk for ALL are staged, which describes the extent to which cancer spreads within the patient's body. There is no standard staging system for children with ALL. On the contrary, this disease is classified as a risk group. Standard (low) risk: This includes children aged 1 to 10 years old who have a white blood cell count of less than 50000/microliter at the time of diagnosis. High risk: including children aged 10 and above and/or children with a white blood cell count of 50000/microliters or above at diagnosis. Very high risk: including children under 1 year old, children with certain genetic changes, children with slow response to initial treatment, and children with signs of leukemia four weeks before and after treatment.
