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parkinsonism diagnosis

The early signs of this disease include reduced blinking movements, lack of facial expressions, decreased various movements, and impaired posture reflexes. Approximately 70% of cases have tremors in the early stages of the disease, but tremors often weaken as the disease progresses. Although occasional stiffness may be mild or even absent, if tremors alone do not possess these symptoms, other diagnoses should be considered or follow-up examinations may be necessary in the future, Because if a patient does indeed have Parkinson's disease, new signs will gradually appear. The most common confusion with Parkinson's disease is primary tremor (see tremor above), but patients with primary tremor have normal facial expressions, normal movement speed, and no gait disorders. Moreover, primary tremor is action tremor, not the most common static tremor in Parkinson's disease. Spontaneous movements have decreased, It may be difficult to distinguish elderly individuals with mild depression or dementia from Parkinson's disease patients due to small step gait caused by rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of secondary Parkinson's syndrome can be understood from medical history. Auxiliary examination 1. Decreased serum renin activity and tyrosine content; The content of NE and 5-HT in the substantia nigra and striatum decreased, and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) decreased by 50% compared to the control group. 2. GABA in CSF decreases, and the content of HVA, the metabolites of DA and 5-HT, in CSF is significantly reduced. 3. Biochemical detection and radioimmunoassay showed a decrease in CSF somatostatin content. The levels of DA and its metabolites 3-Methoxytyramine, 5-HT, adrenaline, and NE in urine also decreased. 4. CT and MRI imaging findings: Due to Parkinson's disease being a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, pathological changes mainly occur in the substantia nigra, striatum, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and cerebral cortex. Therefore, in addition to general brain atrophy, CT imaging findings sometimes show basal ganglia calcification. In addition to displaying manifestations of cerebral atrophy such as ventricular enlargement on MRI, multiple high signal spots are often present in the basal ganglia and white matter on T2 weighted imaging. 5. SPECT imaging manifestations

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