Cancer Types

Treatment plan for bladder cancer For patients with bladder cancer that has not spread far away, treatment usually includes surgery. For superficial diseases, patients can also receive intravesical treatment to stimulate the immune system against the disease. For some patients, this treatment makes surgery possible. In other cases, it allows patients to undergo organ preservation surgery instead of having the entire bladder removed. In muscle infiltrating diseases, patients usually receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy before or after surgery to help shrink the tumor. These treatment methods are used to kill the remaining invisible cancer cells. Many patients participate in clinical trials and receive drugs for bladder cancer, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Patients with cancer that has spread from the bladder to distant areas such as the lungs, liver, or bones typically receive chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted treatment. These patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. The treatment of bladder cancer Surgical treatment of bladder cancer is a part of almost all patients with bladder cancer. Other types of treatment are usually provided before or after surgery. In many cases, surgeons can operate on patients with bladder cancer through minimally invasive technology, robotic cystectomy and robotic reconstruction surgery. These may provide shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, and faster recovery time. There are two main types of bladder cancer surgery: transurethral resection (TUR) can be used for early or superficial bladder cancer. The resectoscope is a thin tool with a metal ring at the end, which enters the bladder through the urethra, and then cures the tumor from the bladder wall. Fluorescent cystoscopy is a special method to observe the bladder wall, which can be used to enhance the detection of bladder cancer. Cystectomy, which removes the bladder, is commonly used for advanced bladder cancer. Usually, the entire bladder is removed, but partial cystectomy may be suitable for a small number of patients. The lymph nodes near the bladder will also be removed. Male prostatectomy. In women, a small portion of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina may need to be removed, although often this is not necessary. Bladder reconstruction surgery When the bladder is removed for the treatment of bladder cancer, a surgical operation called urinary diversion will be performed, so that your body has a way to store and excrete urine. Urinary diversion is performed simultaneously with cystectomy. There are three common types of urinary diversion surgery: ileal neobladder surgery in situ: a portion of the ileum (small intestine) is used to create a new bladder, allowing urination through the urethra. This program is more common among males than females. For most patients, it provides good daytime urinary control, with approximately 20% chance of nocturnal urinary incontinence. If the patient has an unstable new ladder, occasional catheterization may be necessary. This demand is slightly higher among women than among men. Ileal duct: A small intestine is used to create a "tube" that connects the ureter to the surface of the skin. This opening, called a stoma, is usually located a few inches to the right of the navel. Urine is continuously discharged into the urostomy bag connected to the stoma and worn outside the body. This is a simple and effective procedure, but some patients may have problems wearing an external bag. Continent reservoir: Intestinal tissue is used to create an internal pouch that is connected to the navel or a nearby point. The patient uses a catheter to drain the water from the bag every three to four hours. When a new bladder is not feasible or recommended, this reconstruction method can avoid stoma. Chemotherapy and chemotherapy play a major role in the treatment of bladder cancer that has spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes, lungs, liver and other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is the first line treatment for these patients. Some new chemotherapy therapies are undergoing clinical trials to verify their effectiveness for advanced bladder cancer. Chemotherapy can also be used in surgery, bladder cancer has a high risk of metastasis. Bladder tumors that have already invaded the muscle wall and have the potential to spread can benefit from preoperative chemotherapy. Researchers are continuing to study the combination and dosage of chemotherapy to improve the efficiency of bladder cancer patients, slow tumor regeneration, and reduce side effects. Although surgery is the first-line treatment for bladder cancer, radiotherapy also has an effect on some patients. Among ideal candidates for radiation therapy, about 60% of people are able to preserve their bladder without recurrence. The best candidate for radiation therapy: Only one tumor site can tolerate chemotherapy and 35 doses of radiation therapy. They are willing to undergo strict follow-up after treatment. The research institute provides the most advanced radiotherapy for bladder cancer. These technologies include image guided techniques such as MRI linear accelerators and full CT devices integrated into radiotherapy rooms, enabling doctors to accurately locate tumors. Bladder perfusion therapy This therapy is used to treat superficial bladder cancer. Firstly, scrape off the bladder wall to remove superficial tumor cells. Then, the doctor fills the bladder with a solution containing BCG through a catheter. The BCG vaccine stimulates the immune response in the bladder to destroy any remaining cancer cells. BCG vaccine is the most effective drug to prevent the spread or recurrence of bladder cancer. In an ideal scenario, the success rate is approximately 70%. Gene therapy We have professional technology to carefully examine every bladder cancer tumor to determine the gene expression profile. The ongoing research will help us determine the most effective and minimally invasive treatment methods for specific cancers. This personalized medical approach enables us to treat the specific causes of each type of cancer in order to achieve the best results.