Childhood tumor

Medulloblastoma evolved from primitive neural stem cells, and it has been suggested that it occurs as a result of the failure of the original myeloid epithelium to continue differentiation. This tumor, which originates from residual cells of the embryo, can occur in any part of the brain tissue, but the vast majority grow in the vermis of the cerebellum above the roof of the fourth ventricle. So, what are the symptoms of medulloblastoma?

1. Increased intracranial pressure

Due to the continuous growth of tumors in the cerebellar vermis, the fourth ventricle and (or) midbrain aquaquet are compressed, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus, resulting in increased intracranial pressure. The clinical manifestations are headache, vomiting and edema of the fundus optic disc, etc. The smaller children may have cranial suture rupture, among which vomiting is the most common and can be the only clinical manifestation in the early stage. The tumor directly stimulates the vagus nucleus at the bottom of the fourth ventricle, which is also one of the important reasons for vomiting. Vomiting is common in the morning and is often accompanied by hyperventilation. Optic disc edema is less common in children than in adults, possibly because increased intracranial pressure in childhood can be partially compensated by cranial suture separation, and optic disc edema is almost universal in adults.

2. Cerebellar lesion

Mainly trunk ataxia caused by cerebellar vermis damage, patients with varying degrees of weight showed staggering gait, widening distance between walking feet, and even instability in standing and sitting. Romberg sign was positive, and the manifestations were different according to different sites of tumor invasion. Patients fell forward when tumors invaded the upper cerebellar vermis, while tumors located in the lower cerebellar vermis mostly fell backward. As tumor invasion of the lower vermis is more common, backward topple is correspondingly more, the development of tumors on one side can cause different degrees of cerebellar hemisphere symptoms, mainly manifested in the lateral limb ataxia, about half of the patients show eye muscle ataxia, mostly horizontal nystagmus, tumor compression of the medulla oblongata can have swallowing and swallowing and pyramidal tract signs.

3. Other manifestations

Other manifestations are: ① diplopia; ② Facial paralysis; ③ forced head position; ④ cranial enlargement and McCewen sign; ⑤ Pyramidal tract sign; ⑥ Cough; ⑦ cerebellar crisis; ⑧ Subarachnoid hemorrhage.